I didn't watch the video,, but I looked at the picture of the 2 guns. I see a difference in them alone to know that there is a variable already. And as Jeepnik has pointed out,, you can get variables in projectiles & velocities etc.
And as GunnyGene has said,, you'd need to see a real comparison to get real data that is definitive.
Take a "universal" receiver,, (like used in ammo test plants,) and have (2) identical barrels of a closed breech design, with identical lengths. Both barrels brand new. Load 1000 rounds of identical ammo for each caliber,, using identical weight bullets from the same manufacturer, loaded to the same velocity. Basically,, make everything as identical as you can.
Then fire all 1000 rounds,, with testing done at 100 round intervals to see what may or may not change. I would venture that the different mass would be the one thing that would be measurable by the results. Bigger mass vs smaller mass measured by penetration results.
But that would not be "real world" results.
Many things can affect the final results of any testing. In this case,, barrel length, velocity, bullet type, bullet weight, action type, to name a few.
The debates over various calibers or firearms has gone on for centuries. And it will continue long after we are all gone. No single caliber or design will be the "perfect" one for everybody, in every situation. I teach this; "Find what gun you feel comfortable with that you can easily use. Find the best ammo for the intended purposes. then pray you never have to put it to a life altering test. Other wise enjoy what you shoot & how you shoot! "